ABOUT POLLUTION, TYPES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO POLLUTION CONTROL

POLLUTION...

    Pollution is a state when an adverse change takes place in the natural environment due to the introduction of contaminants. It can be caused by a variety of chemical substances or energy like sound, light, or heat. Particulates like smoke, foreign particles and dust, and excess noise or heat, or sound are called pollutants. Pollutants cause disturbances not only in the environment but also in the living entities. These foreign bodies enter the human body via the food chain and also impact the ecological balance, even in tiny amounts. This paragraph on pollution is an answer to the definition of pollution.

Different Types of Pollution 

    There may exist numerous causes of pollution for different types of pollution that include-

• Air Pollution

• Water Pollution

• Soil Pollution

• Noise Pollution

    Besides, other types of pollution are thermal pollution, light pollution, and radioactive pollution.  Radioactive pollution is the deadliest as it is a result of release of the dangerous radioactive substances during nuclear explosions, nuclear weapons production, testing of nuclear weapons, etc.  

    When an adverse change takes place in the natural environment due to the introduction of contaminants, Pollution happens. Pollution can be caused by a variety of chemical substances or energy like sound, light or heat. Smoke, foreign particles and dust, and excess noise or heat or even sound are called pollutants, and these cause disturbances not only in the environment but also in the living entities.

Different Types of Pollution

    Air Pollution, Noise Pollution, Water Pollution, and Soil Pollution. Other types of pollution are thermal pollution, light pollution, and radioactive pollution.  Radioactive pollution is the deadliest as it is a result of the release of dangerous radioactive substances during nuclear explosions, nuclear weapons production, testing of nuclear weapons, etc.

Air Pollution

    The release of harmful contaminants including toxic gases, particulates, biological molecules, chemicals, etc. into the environment is called air pollution.  Gaseous pollutants for damaging the atmosphere include carbon monoxide, chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides that are produced by industry and motor vehicles. Air pollution causes harmful effects that can be detrimental to health. The causes of pollution in the air can be many and some of the common causes are briefly explained-

• Combustion of fossil fuels that causes the release of Carbon Dioxide and formation of smog

• Mining activities like underground and surface mining generate respirable dust due to emissions of particulates and gases including methane and oxides of nitrogen etc.

• Factories and vehicles that harm the ozone layer due to the generation of smog and industrial air conditioners causing the release of destructive gases

Water Pollution

    Water pollution is one of the types of environmental pollution that has harmful effects widely. It is caused when water bodies like rivers, seas, and lakes get polluted with toxic matter. The particulates and unwanted contaminants are generally introduced by humans via activities such as oil spills, disposal of industrial waste into water, and sewage treatment. Other reasons may be natural processes like algae blooms, volcanoes, floods, animal waste, storms, etc. 

Soil Pollution 

    Soil pollution is also one of the causes of land pollution or both can be interchangeably used. It is land degradation that is caused by chemicals or other changes in the natural soil environment. Certain industrial activities, agricultural chemicals and improper waste disposal are some of the major factors contributing to soil pollution. Other reasons for land pollution include deforestation, garbage accumulation,, low soil fertility, reforestation, climatic changes, etc.

Noise Pollution

    Different types of pollution also include noise pollution which is the excess amount of noise in surroundings disrupting the natural balance. Generally, it is due to man-made activities but can also be caused due to natural factors like volcanoes. Man-made contributions are from heavy machines, factories, mills, transportation noises from vehicles and airplanes, construction noises like boring and drilling machines, social events noises from firecrackers and loudspeakers, and household noises from mixers, Television, and washing machines. It is considered that over 85 decibels is detrimental to health and also the duration effects. For example, a jet taking off contributes around 150 decibels. A simple conversation is usually 60 decibels only. 

what can we do to prevent pollution...

    There are many small, but critical sources of air pollution in our homes and neighborhoods. Such sources — vehicles, construction equipment, lawn mowers, dry cleaners, backyard fires, and auto-body shops — are located where we live and work. Total emissions from these smaller but widespread sources are significantly greater than all the industrial sources in the state combined.

    To prevent pollution from these sources, the MPCA provides education, guidance, and incentives for reducing air pollution. We have programs for businesses, cities, nonprofits, and communities that address a range of environmental problems, including air quality.

• Drive your car less. Vehicle exhaust is a major source of air pollution in Minnesota. Carpool. Bike. Bus. Telecommute. Electric vehicles. How could you burn less fuel?
• Keep your car in good repair. Fix exhaust and oxygen sensor problems ASAP. Check your tire pressure monthly; under-inflated tires have been shown to lower gas mileage, particularly at lower speed.
• Turn off your engine. An idling engine creates a hot spot of pollution. Buses and big trucks produce particularly unhealthy exhaust. Parents and teachers can help their schools and daycares develop and implement no-idling policies.
• Don't burn your garbage. Burning your household garbage is dangerous to your health and our environment, and generally against the law in Minnesota. If you're still using a burn barrel, wood stove, or fire-pit for your trash, contact your county about arranging for trash hauling services.
• Limit backyard fires in the city. Smoke from backyard fires can cause unhealthy conditions for hundreds of people, especially during stagnant weather conditions. Since cities have elevated levels of pollution compared to rural areas, urban fires are more of a nuisance to people with asthma and other lung conditions. If you do have a campfire:
  • Keep fires brief and small — 3 feet across or less.
  • Burn only dry fire wood. In the Twin Cities it is illegal to burn any waste in a fire, even yard waste.
  • Never start campfires during an air quality alert. Sign up for texts or emails about elevated air pollution levels.
• Plant and care for trees. Trees filter pollutants and absorb carbon dioxide. Trees also release oxygen into the atmosphere and help cool our homes.
• Switch to electric or hand-powered lawn equipment. Gas-powered small engines like those on lawnmowers and leaf or snow blowers often lack pollution control devices. An hour running a lawn mower can produce nearly the same amount of pollution as a 100-mile car trip! Use hand-powered or electric lawn care equipment instead.
• Use less energy. Choose efficient appliances and heating systems. Get an energy audit and follow the advice. Turn off electrical stuff you are not using. It all adds up.
• Become a champion for clean air. Direct local businesses, city offices, and school districts toward programs that can help them reduce air pollution and become more sustainable.

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