Wildlife and Biosphere Reserves In INDIA

WILDLIFE AND BIOSPHERE RESERVES

    The term ‘Wildlife’ includes animals of any habitat in nature. Wild animals are non-domesticated animals and include both vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) and invertebrates (bees, butterflies, moths etc.). India has a rich and diversified wildlife. The Indian fauna consists of about 81,251 species of animals out of the world’s total of about 1.5 million species. 

    Our country is home to tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, pythons, wolves, foxes, bears, crocodiles, rhinoceroses, camels, wild dogs, monkeys, snakes, antelope species, deer species, varieties of bison and the mighty Asian elephant. Hunting, poaching, deforestation and other anthropogenic interferences in the natural habitats have caused extinction of some species and many are facing the danger of extinction. 

The Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL):

    It was constituted in 1952 to suggest means of protection, conservation and management of wildlife to the government. 

    The Government of India enacted Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972 with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of the country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its diversities. 

    To preserve the country’s rich and diverse wildlife a network of 102 National Parks and about 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries across the country have been created. 

Biosphere Reserves:

    Biosphere reserves are protected areas of land coastal environments. The Indian government has established 18 Biosphere Reserves in India which protect large areas of natural habitat which often include few National Parks with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses.

Biosphere Reserves in India:

Eleven of the eighteen biosphere reserves (Gulf of Mannar, Nandadevi, the Nilgiris, Nokrek, Pachmarhi, Simlipal, Sundarbans Agasthiyamalai, Great Nicobar, Kanjanjunga and Amarkantak) of India fall under the list of Man and Biosphere programme of UNESCO.

NOTE: 

    Project Tiger was launched in April 1973 with the aim to conserve tiger population in specifically constituted “Tiger Reserves” in India.

Importance of Wildlife Sanctuaries of India:

• To protect endangered species.
• To keep animals in their natural habitats and protect them there.
• To monitor endangered species and help them reproduce and grow in number.
• To provide research opportunities to study these animals and plants.
• To help endangered animals live better lives.
• To understand more about the animals that live there, biologists are allowed to conduct activities and research in wildlife sanctuaries.
• A few sanctuaries take in injured and abandoned animals, heal them, and then release them back into the wild.

Animal refuges safeguard threatened animals and shield them from predators and people.

List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (State-wise)

1. Assam - Nambor WLS, Dihing Patkai WLS, East Karbi Anglong WLS, Chakrashila WLS, Amchang WLS.

2. Bihar - Kaimur WLS, Gautam Budha WLS, Pant (Rajgir) WLS, Valmiki WLS

3. Chhatisgarh - Bhairamgarh WLS, Badalkhol WLS, Bhoramdev WLS, Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS

4. Goa - Bondla WLS, Madei WLS

5. Gujurat - Kutch Desert WLS, Porbandar Lake WLS, Jambugodha WLS, Wild Ass WLS, Ratanmahal WLS, Thol Lake WLS, Sasan Gir Sanctuary, Mitiyala WLS

6. Haryana - Bhindawas WLS, N Khaparwas WLS, Kalesar WLS

7. Himachal Pradesh - Bandli WLS, Daranghati WLS, Dhauladhar WLS, Talra WLS, Pong Dam Lake WLS, Nargu WLS

8. Jharkhand - Lawalong WLS, Parasnath WLS, Palkot WLS

9. Karnataka - Someshwara WLS, Bhadra WLS, Bhimgad WLS, Brahmagiri WLS, Cauvery WLS, Pushpagiri WLS, Sharavathi Valley WLS

10. Kerala - Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Aralam WLS, Chimmony WLS, Idukki WLS, Malabar WLS

11. Madhya Pradesh - Bori WLS, Gandhi Sagar WLS, Ken Gharial WLS, National Chambal WLS, Orcha WLS

12. Maharastra -  Koyana WLS, Painganga WLS, Bhimashankar WLS, Tungareshwar WLS, Great Indian Bustard WLS

13. Manipur - Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS

14. Meghalaya -  ---

15. Mizoram - Dampa WLS (TR), Ngengpui WLS, Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS

16. Nagaland - Fakim WLS, Rangapahar WLS

17. Odisha - Baisipalli WLS, Chilika (Nalaban) WLS, Hadgarh WLS, Satkosia Gorge WLS

18. Punjab - Abohar WLS, Harike Lake WLS, Jhajjar Bacholi WLS

19. Rajasthan - Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar WLS, Mount Abu WLS, Ramsagar WLS, Shergarh WLS

20. Sikkim - Fambong Lho WLS, Kitam WLS (Bird), Maenam WLS

21. Tamil Nadu - Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS, Karaivetti WLS, Pulicat Lake WLS, Vedanthangal WLS, Kalakad WLS

22. Tripura - Gumti WLS, Rowa WLS, Trishna WLS

23. Uttarakhand - Askot Musk Deer WLS, Binsar WLS, Govind Pashu Vihar WLS, Kedarnath WLS, Sonanadi WLS

24. Uttar Pradesh - Hastinapur WLS, Ranipur WLS, Sohagibarwa WLS, Sur Sarovar WLS, Chandraprabha WLS, National Chambal WLS

25. West Bengal - Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary, Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, Haliday Island WLS, Ballavpur WLS, Lothian Island WLS, Mahananda WLS

26.  Jammu and Kashmir - Gulmarg WLS, Limber WLS, Nandini WLS

List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in India (Union Territories)

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Bamboo Island WLS, Barren Island WLS, Chanel Island WLS, Peacock Island WLS, Turtle Islands WLS

2. Lakshadweep - Pitti WLS (Bird)

3. Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu - Dadra and Nagar Haveli WLS, Fudam WLS

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