Natural Science

WILDLIFE AND BIOSPHERE RESERVES      The term ‘Wildlife’ includes animals of any habitat in nature. Wild animals are non-domesticated animals and include both vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) and invertebrates (bees, butterflies, moths etc.). India has a rich and diversified wildlife . The Indian fauna consists of about 81,251 species of animals out of the world’s total of about 1.5 million species.       Our country is home to tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, pythons, wolves, foxes, bears, crocodiles, rhinoceroses, camels, wild dogs, monkeys, snakes, antelope species, deer species, varieties of bison and the mighty Asian elephant. Hunting, poaching, deforestation and other anthropogenic interferences in the natural habitats have caused extinction of some species and many are facing the danger of extinction.  The Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL):      It was constituted in 1952 to suggest means...

Drainage Systems in INDIA      A drainage system is an integrated system of tributaries and a trunk stream which collects and drains surface water into the sea, lake or some other body of water. The total area drained by a river and its tributaries is known as a drainage basin. The drainage pattern of an area is the result of the geological structure of the respective areas. The drainage system of India is broadly divided into two major groups on the basis of their location. They are Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers. Himalayan Rivers        These rivers are found in north India and originate from Himalayas. So, they are also called as Himalayan rivers. These are perennial rivers.  a) The Indus River System        The Indus River is one of the largest rivers of the world. It originates from the northern slope of the Kailash range in Tibet near Manasarovar Lake at an elevation of about 5,150 m. Its length is about ...

 Physical Geography of INDIA The Great Northern Plains        This fertile plain lies to the south of the northern mountains. This plain is one of the most extensive stretches of the alluvium in the world and is deposited by the rivers Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries . The length of the plain is about 2,400 km and the width varies from 240 to 320 km . Its width increases from east to west. It covers an area of over 7 lakh sq.km. The Great Plains of India is remarkably a homogeneous surface with an imperceptible slope. They are formed mostly by the depositional process of the Himalayan and Vindhyan rivers. These rivers deposit enormous quantity of sediments deposited along the foothills and flood plains. The important characteristics featuress of sediment deposition in the plains areas as follows. a) The Bhabar Plain  b) The Tarai Tract  c) The Bhangar Plains d) The Khadar Plains e) Delta  a) The Bhabar Plain      ...

 Physical Geography of INDIA      India is the seventh largest country in the world and second largest country in Asia. It is separated by the Himalayas from the rest of the continent.       India accounts for about 2.4 % of the total area of the world with an area of 32,87,263 sq.km. many of the India states are larger than several countries of the world.  India’s Land and Water Frontiers:        India shares its 15,200 km long land frontier with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the north-west, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east.        India’s longest border is with Bangladesh (4156 km)while the shortest border is with Afghanistan.(106 km) About 6,100 km long coastline of India is washed on three sides of the country by the Indian Ocean and its two arms namely the Arabian sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the east.       The total length o...

 Physical Geography of TAMILNADU Plateaus:      Plateaus of Tamil Nadu are located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. It is roughly triangular in shape and covers an area of about 60,000 sq.km.       Bharamahal plateau is a part of the Mysore plateau situated in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu. Its height ranges from 350 to 710 metres. Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts are located in this region.      Coimbatore plateau lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts. Its height varies from 150 to 450 metres. This region includes Salem, Coimbatore and Erode districts. Moyar river separates this plateau from the Mysore plateau.  Rivers like Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi, which originate from Western Ghats, form valleys in this region.            Many intermontane plateaus are found in the region of the Nilgiris. Sigur plateau is one such plateau.      ...

 Physical Geography of TAMILNADU Location and Size:      Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India, located in the southern most part of the country.  It extends from 8°4'N to 13°35'N latitudes and from 76°18'E to 80°20'E longitudes. Its extremities are   in eastern - Point Calimere   in western - hills of Anaimalai   in northern - Pulicat lake   in southern - Cape Comorin       It covers an area of 1,30,058 sq.km and is the 11th largest state in India . It covers 4% of the area of our country. Boundaries and Neighbours:      Tamil Nadu is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, Kerala in the west, Andhra Pradesh in the north, Karnataka in the northwest and Indian Ocean in the south. Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait separate Tamil Nadu from the Island of Sri Lanka, which lies to the southeast of India. The state has 906.9 km long coastline, the third-longest in India after Gujarat and ...

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